10 



a.nd disciples, but without any reciprocation of benefits, or 

 scarcely the recognition of affinity. Science was cultivated as 

 an abstract mental embellishment, rather than to facilitate the 

 labors of the artist, while the arts have been practised, unaided 

 by the instructions of science. The latter was deemed too ethe- 

 rial and sacred, to pass even beyond the seclusions of philosophy, 

 save in a language which was unintelligible to the multitude ; 

 and the uninitiated operator accomplished his work, ignorant 

 that he was successfully performing an experiment, which 

 depended on established theoretical principles, as the scientific 

 was incapable, of illustrating the correctness of his theory, by 

 actual experiment. There was an ostentatious display of intelli- 

 gence without practical utility, while the useful, unaided by 

 intelligence, was but imperfectly practised. But more compre- 

 hensive and liberal views are now entertained, and it is the 

 enlightened policy of modern instruction, to effect a re-union of 

 science and art, of theory and practice. We behold philosophy 

 directing the labors of the work-shop, and practical mechanics 

 giving instruction in the halls of science. The happy conse- 

 quences of this moral revolution ; its exhilarating influence on 

 all the economical, as well as the ornamental arts, are apparent, 

 in the unparalleled prosperity of those nations, which have taken 

 the lead in the development of mind, the encouragement of 

 industry, and the prudential management of their natural re- 

 sources. 



Chemistry has taught the manufacturer, the mode of ascertain- 

 ing the causes, which so often disappointed his hopes of success- 

 ful results, has enabled him to rectify mistakes, without the loss 

 of materials, to discover new resources, perfect his manipula- 

 tions, improve the quality of his products, and open other avenues 

 to wealth. 



The mechanic is guided by a knowledge of physics ; the 

 illustrations of science have enabled the machinist to triumph 

 over the inertia of matter, and to give it such an infinitely varied 

 combination of movements, that they appear the effects of 



