140 AMERICAN CATTLE. 



in the veins of one in a hundred of the approved short-horns of 

 the present day, in either country. 



We have made rather a long story in showing up this decep- 

 tion ; but the truth of short-horn history has demanded it ; and 

 if we shall have succeeded in putting this matter right, before 

 the large interest concerned in pure short-horn breeding, our 

 object will be accomplished. From the late Mr. Thomas Bates, 

 a distinguished short-horn breeder, of Kirkleavington, Durham, 

 Eng., a cotemporary of Charles Colling, and other corroborating 

 testimony, the above account is given. 



Having disposed of this historical swindle, we proceed to give, 

 from the best authorities at command, a correct account of the 

 origin, rise, progress, and present condition of this breed of 

 cattle. 



HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 



For some centuries anterior to the conquest of England by 

 the First William, (of Normandy,) the north-eastern counties of 

 England, Northumberland, Durham and York, (then called 

 Northumbria,) had been possessed, with occasional interruptions, 

 by the Danes, and other Scandinavians of North-western Europe. 

 They were a warlike people, not only conquering, by their bold 

 raids, the countries along the continental coast to the south of 

 them, even into Holland, but pirates and "sea kings" as well, 

 carrying their devastations across the water into Northumbria, 

 and some adjoining parts of Britain. While they held the fron- 

 tier coast of England, they established trade in many articles of 

 merchandise and agricultural products, and shipped them to and 

 from both sides of the ocean channel. Among these were cattle 

 in considerable numbers. Southern Denmark, Jutland, Holstein, 

 and Utrecht, long held by the Danes, possessed a breed of cattle 

 short-horns essentially having their general appearance, and 

 peculiar colors, but coarse in form and flesh, yielding largely of 

 milk. It is supposed by the majority of the earlier English 



