BEEF CATTLE. 287 



written from Liverpool, in September, 1867, soon after he had 

 visited the great London cattle market. It may interest our 

 American cattle breeders : 



"The great cattle market of London, some twelve years ago 

 was removed from Smithfield to Islington, formerly a distinct 

 village from London. It is now incorporated with it, the streets 

 thither and beyond, and all around, being solidly built up since 

 I was there in 1841, when they were only partially built. I have 

 visited the market twice. Monday is the great market day of 

 the week, and it begins at 6 A. M. I was there a little before 

 this hour, and found the yards full 6,280 cattle on the ground, 

 besides calves, sheep, and swine. It is the most complete thing 

 you can imagine. It was opened in June, 1855, by Prince 

 Albert, with a great public display. It cost 440,000 over 

 two millions of dollars ! Fifteen acres are. enclosed in a square, 

 which will hold 7,600 bullocks; 40,000 sheep; 1,400 calves, and 

 900 pigs. In the center of this is a high clock tower; at its 

 base, attached to it, are banking houses, telegraph offices, rooms 

 for the officers of the market, clerks, &c. Around this square 

 are streets with hotels, yards, solid, handsome sheds, and eight 

 slaughter houses. All these belong to the market, and the whole 

 occupy thirty acres. It is about two miles in a direct line north 

 of St. Paul's Cathedral, but the streets wind about so much, I 

 think one travels at least three miles from this point to get there. 

 The old Smithfield market was only about half a mile north of 

 St. Paul's. 



"At Smithfield, in 1841, all the cattle there were natives 

 now not over one-fourth to one-third are natives. Denmark, 

 (mostly Jutland,) alone furnishes about one-sixth; Holland, 

 France, and other countries many ; so it was no great place after 

 all to fully judge about British cattle, only by comparison with 

 others. The foreign mostly, except the Dutch, were coarse, raw- 

 boned, paunchy, and deficient in valuable points, (like our old 



