SUMMER FOOD FOB DAIBY COWS. 311 



Fresh growing grass gives quantity of milk; that which is 

 riper and dryer gives better quality, or more richness, and per- 

 haps an equal quantity of butter, or cheese, from a less amount 

 of milk. The particular state of the grass, whether in its most 

 sappy, or succulent, or in its dryer, or more matured condition, 

 so that the cow have enouyli of it, is of less consequence to the 

 cheese and butter dairyman; but the sale-milk dairyman must 

 supply the succulence wanting in the dryer grasses. This must 

 be made up in other material, and also, in short pasturage, to the 

 other class of dairies, under the head of 



To many old-fashioned cow keepers, and dairymen, who have 

 never practiced any thing but the old jog-trot way of their 

 fathers, in the common way of pasturing for summer food, and 

 hay feeding at the mangers, or stacks, in winter, this term may 

 be startling, as involving an extra outlay of capital and labor alto- 

 gether unwarranted. If so, they may as well abandon the busi- 

 ness at once, if they intend to compete with the more enterpris- 

 ing dairymen of these advancing times, so far as making the most 

 profit out of their vocation is concerned. The old hum-drum 

 idea of having their work half done, and in the slip-shod, slat- 

 ternly way of past generations, must be ignored, and a new 

 method introduced. A tidier fashion must be adopted, and more- 

 skill introduced, as well in feeding the cows as in manipulating 

 the milk into butter and cheese. The whole process of keeping 

 the cows, milking, and manufacturing it into marketable com- 

 modities, mus.t be as thoroughly improved as that of making cloth 

 by modern machinery, over the old way of hand-carding, spin- 

 ning, and weaving cloth for household uses; and they who are 

 unwilling to adopt these better ways, had best at once retire from 

 the business, or be content to accept the meagre gains which their 

 inferior articles, as well as lack of enterprise will give. 



