374 AMERICAN CATTLE. 



a part, and sometimes the whole of the udder. Thus cows, 

 which, after their first calf, give milk equally by four teats, often 

 after a disease of the udder, give it only by three, two, and occa- 

 sionally by no more than one. 



"It is not always easy to discover diseases of the milky glands, 

 when they have become chronic, and the organs have ceased to 

 be painful. Most commonly, however, the diseased part is harder, 

 or more flabby, or more bulky, or somewhat shrivelled; some- 

 times, too, it is painful on pressure. The teat corresponding to 

 the diseased gland, may be hardened or shrivelled ; it is blind if 

 the disease is of very long standing. 



"Cows which have the udder unequal, covered with lumps, 

 and not of the same consistency and suppleness throughout, must 

 be classed with those having diseased glands. 



LOCAL MARKS. UDDER, INCLUDING MILKY GLANDS AND TEATS. 



"This organ is formed principally by the glands which secrete 

 the milk, and called milky glands. These, four in number, two 

 on each side, are sometimes designated by the name of quarters, 

 each constituting nearly a fourth part of the udder. 



"The udder is composed, moreover, of skin, cellular tissue, 

 fat, lymphatic ganglions, vessels, &c. 



"In almost all cows, the abundance of milk is proportioned to 

 the size of the mamelles. The marks indicating that these 

 glands are constituted so as to produce much milk, are as fol- 

 lows: 



" A very large development of the hind-quarter, a wide and 

 strong lumbar region, a long rump, haunches and hind legs wide 

 apart, a large space for lodging the udder, milky glands well 

 developed, and causing the udder to be of considerable size. 

 (See plate 29.) 



"We may here observe that it is necessary to pay attention 

 to the nature of the udder; its size may depend on the quantity 



