376 AMERICAN* CATTLE. 



"The udder should be large and not fleshy. If so, we may 

 rest assured that the milky reservoirs are spacious, and that the 

 glands, consequently, furnish much milk. 



"The teats are of less importance than the glands. In the 

 cow there are five or six, of which one or two behind are very 

 small, and seldom give milk. 



"The four in front, the only ones necessary to be taken into 

 account, are nearly equal. They become large or small, accord- 

 ing to the time during which the cows are milked or sucked ; 

 and this explains why they are large in cows which give much 

 milk, because such cows must be milked often, and for a long 

 period. Indeed, it is only in this way that their size indicates 

 the quantity of milk. 



"The two hinder teats usually furnish more milk than the two 

 in front, because the two hinder glands, or, as they are called, 

 posterior quarters, are almost always the largest in size. 



"The teats should be pliant, not blind, covered with a soft 

 skin, and free from indurations, such as those produced by shrivel- 

 ling. The warts, which are very frequently observed, are usually 

 without sensation, and cause no inconvenience : it is better, how- 

 ever, when they are wanting, for they may make milking painful, 

 and, by causing the cows to become restive, spill the milk, or 

 lessen its quantity. 



"The name of uddered, is given to cows which, having been 

 left long unmilked, have the udder hard, swollen, and painful. 

 Dealers, to give the appearance of good milkers, go the length 

 of tying the teats. (A most dishonest way, which we have 

 sometimes seen. L. F. A.) This practice might have trouble- 

 some consequences. It is sufficient to make it known. It is a 

 sure sign that cows have been left long unmilked, when the 

 udder is hard, and much distended, in proportion to its size; 

 when the teats are stiff, wide apart, often painful, and allow milk 

 to escape, though they are not touched. 



