DISEASES AND REMEDIES. 463 



a clysier should also be given, consisting of two quarts of warm 

 water, and four ounces of linseed oil. The clyster may be 

 repeated two or three times in the course of two hours, should 

 it be found necessary. Should the stranguary continue after the 

 bowels have been emptied, give the following drink: 



Spirit of nitrous ether half an ounce, 



Camphor, powdered, ..... 2 drachms. 



Tincture of opium, ...... half an ounce, 



Gruel, in which oiie ounce of nitre has been dissolved, 1 pint. 

 Mix. 



"Many cows have been lost, by allowing them to be too fat 

 at the time of calving: they are then said to die of the milk 

 fever, which, in fact, is nothing more than inflammation of the 

 uterus, or womb. It is advisable, therefore, when a cow, far 

 gone with calf, is in too good condition, to reduce her, by chang- 

 ing her pasture, which is preferable to bleeding or physic ; but if 

 she has approached too near her time to admit of this change 

 having any effect, then bleeding will be proper." 



COWS AT CALVING. 



Nature is, in general, all-sufficient for the purpose of producing 

 the young of the various domestic animals, and consequently, 

 little is left for man to do, except in taking care that the females 

 be placed in such a situation that they may not expose themselves 

 or their young to injury. It is always requisite that a cow, which 

 is near the time of calving, should be attended to, in order that 

 every necessary assistance may be rendered. 



Some cows, especially those of the short-horned breed, frequently 

 require particular assistance. The natural presentation of the 

 calf is, with its head and fore feet, the nose between the feet, and 

 the back upwards. Downing enumerates several preternatural 

 positions, namely: First, reverse representation, or tail first. 

 Second, fore feet, no head appearing. Third, side belly upwards, 

 head reversed over one shoulder, legs appearing. Fourth, fore 

 feet with head under the brisket. Fifth, head alone, or one 

 fore leg only with it. Sixth, head and one leg, or head alone. 

 Seventh, calf lying on its back, its fore legs folded nearly togeth- 

 er, and close up to the cow's back; the head appearing, or 

 doubled back, even with the ribs, on one side or other; the hind 

 leg perhaps appearing. 



