500 AMERICAN CATTLE. 



" (c.) TJie temperature, of the rectum rises from 100 and 102, 

 its normal temperature, to 105, 106 and 107, when the pres- 

 ence of the disease may be confidently asserted. This test the 

 herdmaster should never overlook. 



" (d.) A few hours after, the lower lip will show, on its internal 

 surface, numerous apthous patches, like small blisters, about the 

 size of a pin's head. As soon as these appear, a thick fluid will 

 exude and run from the mouth. 



"(e.) The animal will hold its head to one side, and have a 

 peculiar dejected and pitiful look. This is very characteristic of 

 the disease, and cannot easily be mistaken. 



" When these symptoms appear, notice of the fact should be 

 promptly transmitted to the nearest Commissioner. We cannot 

 too strongly urge upon cattle owners, the importance of constant 

 watchfulness for the occurrence of these symptoms, and of prompt 

 information to the Commissioner the moment they are observed. 



2. What is to be done. 



"(a.) Remove all hay or other food from the manger. Do 

 not permit the animal to eat anything. 



"(i.) Clean the stall in which the animal is confined. No 

 straw should be allowed as litter. Saw-dust is best, or if it can- 

 not be had, dry sand may be used in its stead. 



"(c.) Dig a grave, at least five feet in depth, and large 

 enough for the animal with its droppings and litter. 



"(<) Scrape up the saw-dust or sand whenever any excre- 

 ment or urine, or the 'thick fluid,' mentioned in section 1, falls 

 upon it, and deposit it in the grave, covering it with sulphate of 

 iron (green copperas) or quick-lime. Cover the spaces thus 

 scooped out with fresh saw-dust or sand. (This recommenda- 

 tion is of very great importance, experience in Europe having 

 shown conclusively that it is through the action of these excre- 

 tions mainly, that the disease is transmitted. Horses, sheep, rats 

 and even birds, which have put their feet in these excretions, and 



