INTRODUCTION. XXIU 



English language, with the exception of Hopkirk's 

 * Flora Anomala,' a book now rarely met with, and 

 withal very imperfect ; and this notwithstanding that 

 Robert Brown early lent his sanction to the doctrines 

 of Goethe, and himself illustrated them by teratological 

 observations. In France, besides important papers of 

 Turpin, Geoffroy de Saint Hilaire, Brongniart, Kirsch- 

 leger and others, to which frequent allusion is made in 

 the following pages, there is the classic work of 

 Moquin-Tandon, which was translated into German by 

 Schauer. Germany has also given us the monographs 

 of Batsch, Ja3ger, Roeper, Engelmann, Schimper, Braun, 

 Fleischer, Wigand, and many others. Switzerland has 

 furnished the treatises of the De Candolles, and of 

 Cramer ; Belgium, those of Morren, &c., all of which, as 

 well as many others that might be mentioned, are, with 

 the exception of Moquin-Tandon's ' Elements,' to be 

 considered as referring to hmited portions only and 

 not to the whole subject.^ 



In the compilation of the present volume great use 

 has been made of the facts recorded in the works just 

 cited, and especially in those of Moquin-Tandon, En- 

 gelmann, and Morren. A very large number of com- 

 munications on teratological subjects in the various 

 European scientific publications have also been laid 

 under contribution. In most cases reference has been 

 given to, and due acknowledgment made of, the sources 

 whence information has been gathered. Should any 

 such reference be omitted, the neglect must be attri- 

 buted to inadvertence, not to design. In selecting 



An excellent summaiy of the history of Vegetable Teratology is 

 given in Kirsohleger's ' Essai historique de la Tei*atologie Vegetale,' 

 Strasburg, 1845. 



