ARRANGEMENT OF ORGANS. 7 



impossible, without stud3ring the development of the 

 malformed flower, to ascertain whether the altered 

 arrangement is due to an excessive or to a diminished 

 action. Practically, however, it is of comparatively 

 little importance to know whether, say, the isolation 

 of parts, that are usually combined together, is con- 

 genital {i.e. the result of anarrest of growiih preventing 

 their union), or whether it be due to a separation of 

 parts primitively undivided ; the effect remains the 

 same, though the cause may have been very different. 

 The principal alterations to be mentioned under this 

 head may therefore be conveniently arranged under 

 the following categories : Union, Independence, Dis- 

 placement, Prolification, Heterotaxy, and Heterogamy. 



