36 



ADHESION. 



lip of the corolla of Salvia pratensis} In the ac- 

 companying figure (fig. 13), taken from a double 

 walltiower, there is shown an adhesion between a 

 petal and an open carpel on the one side, and a stamen 

 on the other. 



Moquin speaks of some pears, which were united, 

 at an early stage, with one or two small leaves 

 borne by the peduncle and grafted to the fruit by the 

 whole of their upper surface. As the pear increased 

 in size the leaves became detached from it, leaving on 

 the surface of the fruit an impres- 

 sion of the same form as the leaf, 

 and differing in colour fi:'om the 

 rest of the surface of the fruit. 

 Traces of the principal nerves w^ere 

 seen on the pear. 



It is curious to notice how very 

 rare it is for the calyx to adhere 

 to the ovary in flowers where that 

 organ is normally superior. The 

 " calyx infenos " seems scarcely 

 ever to become *' calyx superus,** 

 while, on the other hand, the 

 " calyx norrrialiter superus " fre- 

 quently becomes inferior from de- 

 tachment from, or from want of 

 union with the surface of the ovary. 



Adhesion of fruit to branch. Of this Mr. Berkeley" cites 

 an instance in a vegetable marrow {Cucimm)^ where a 

 female flower had become confluent with the branch, 

 at whose base it was placed, and also with two or more 

 flowers at the upper part of the same branch, so as to 

 make an oblique scar running down from the apex of 

 the fruit to the branch. 



Synanthy. Adhesion of two or more flowers takes 

 place in various ways ; sometimes merely the stalks 



' Linnsea,' vol. ii, p. 607. 



* ' Journal Roy. Hort. Soc.,' new ser., vol. i. 1866, p. 200. 



Fig. 13. Cheiranthus 

 cheiri. Adhesion of 

 petal to stamen and 

 open carpel. 



