PABT II. 



INDEPENDENCE OR SEPARATION OF ORGANS. 



Under this head are included all those instances 

 wherein organs usually entire, or more or less united, 

 are, or appear to be, split or disunited. It thus in- 

 cludes such cases as the division of an ordinarily 

 entire leaf into a lobed or partite one, as well as those 

 characterised by the separation of organs usually 

 joined together. Union, as has been stated in a 

 previous chapter, is the result either of persistent in- 

 tegrity or of a junction of originally separate organs, 

 after their formation ; so in like manner, the separation 

 or disjunction of parts may arise from the absence of that 

 process of union which is habitual in some cases, or from 

 an actual bond fide separation of parts originally united 

 together. In the former case, the isolation of parts 

 arises from arrest of development, while in the latter 

 it is due rather to luxuriant growth. A knowledge, as 

 well of the ordinary as of the unusual course, of deve- 

 lopment in any particular flow^er is thus required in 

 order to ascertain with accuracy the true nature of the 

 separation of parts. The late Professor Morren' pro- 

 posed the general term Monosy {novuyaiq) for all these 

 cases of abnormal isolation, subdividing the group 

 into two, as follows 1, Adesmy (a-Sea/xot), including 

 those cases where the separation is congenital ; and 

 2, Dialysis (SioXuw), comprising those instances where 

 the isolation is truly a result of the separation of 

 parts previously joined together. Adesmy, moreover, 



* BuU. Acad. Belg.,' t. xix, part iii, 1852. p. 315. 



