DIALYSIS OF THE CARPELS. 75 



is not rare in oranges. Sometimes this takes place 

 regularly, at other times irregularly; pccasionally in 

 such a manner as to give the appearance of a hand and 

 fingers to the fruit. Of one of these, Ferrari,^ in the 

 curious volume below cited, speaks thus : '* Arbor pro- 

 fusissima, quia dat utraque manu ; imo quia vere manus 

 dat in poma conversis ; utque magis munifica sit poma 

 ipsa convertit in manus." 



M. Duchartre' mentions a semi-double flower of 

 orange with eight to ten distinct carpels in a whorl, 

 and occasionally several whorls one above another. De 

 Candolle^ considers the rind of the orange as a pro- 

 duction from the receptacle, and this view is confirmed 

 by the specimens of Duchartre, in which the carpels 

 were quite naked or had a common envelope truncated, 

 and open above to allow of the passage of the styles 

 and stigmas. 



Fig. 33. Oi*ange. Showing dis- Fig. Si. Section of orange 



junction of carpels, after Maoiit. shown in fig. 33 after Maout. 



It frequently happens in conjunction with this 

 separation of the carpels one from the other, that a 

 lack of union manifests itself between the margins of 

 the individual carpels themselves. Very numerous cases 

 of this kind have been recorded, and the double tulips 

 of gardens may be referred to as showing this condition 



' * Hesperides,' auctore Ferrario, Rome, 1646, fig. 415, pp. 213 and 

 215. See also Michel, ' Ti-aite du Citronnier.' 



' ' Ann. des Science Nat.,* 3rd series, 1844, vol. i, p. 294. 

 ' ' Org. Veget.,' vol. ii, p. 41. 



