76 INDEPENDENCE OB SEPARATION OF ORGANS. 



very frequently. In connection with this detachment 

 of the carpels, a change in the mode of placentation is 

 often to be observed, or two or more kinds may be seen 

 in the same pistil, as in double-flowered saponarias, 

 many Crucifers, &c., as alluded to under the head of 

 displacements of the placenta. 



CHAPTER III. 



SOLUTION. 



The isolation or separation of different whorls that 

 are ordinarily adherent together is by no means of rare 

 occurrence. Were it not that the isolation is often con- 

 genital, the word detachment would be an expressive 

 one to apply to these cases, but as the change in ques- 

 tion occurs quite as often from a want of union, an 

 arrest or stasis of development, as from a bond fide 

 separation, the word solution seems to be, on the whole, 

 the best. It corresponds in application to the word 

 liber {calyx liber ^ &c.), in general use by descriptive 

 botanists. As here employed, the term nearly cor- 

 corresponds with the " adesmie heterologue" of Morren. 

 Moquin Tandon does not make any special subdivision 

 for the class of cases here grouped together, but places 

 them all under " Disjonctions qui isolent les organes." 

 It seems, however, desirable to have a separate word 

 to express the converse condition of adhesion, and for 

 this purpose the term solution, as above stated, is here 

 employed. Diagrammatically, the condition may be 

 expressed by placing a dotted line at the side of the 

 letters thus : 



i s s s s s i 



i c c c c c i 



would indicate the disjunction of the sepals from the 



