lOU ALTERATION OP POSITION. 



Allg. Schweizer Gesellsch.,' Band v, 1841, p. 9. Duchartre, ' Ann. Sc. 

 Nat.,' 3rd ser., 1844, vol. ii,p. 290. Ibid.. ' Elem. Bot.,' p. 574; 'Rev. 

 Bot.,' 1846-7, p. 213. Babington, ' Gai-d. Chron.,' 1844, p. 557. Lindley, 

 ' Elements,' p. 89 ; ' Veg. King.,' pp. 313, 497, &c. Berkeley, ' G:ird. 

 Chron.,' 1850, p. 612. Unger, 'Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur.,' 1850; 

 and in Henfrey's, 'Bot. Gazette,' 1851, p. 70. Schleiden, 'Prin- 

 ciples,' English edit, p. 385. Payer, 'Elem. Bot.,' pp. 196, 211, 

 224. Baillou, ' Adansonia,' iii, p. 310, tab. iv. Cramer, .' Bilduugsab- 

 weichuugen,' p. 20, &c. Clos, ' Ann. Sc. Nat.,' 5th ser., iii, 313, as well 

 as any of the general treatises on botany. Reference may also be made 

 to the chapters on Prolification and Substitutions (in the case of the 

 carpels and ovules), and to the authorities therein cited. 



CHArTER TL 



PROLIFIGATION. 



Moquin-Tandon and other writers have classed the 

 production of buds in unwonted situations under the 

 head of multiplication, but, as the altered arrangement 

 is of graver import than the mere increase in number, 

 it seems preferable to place these cases under this 

 heading rather than under that of alterations of 

 number. 



The adventitious bud may be a leaf-bud or a flower- 

 bud ; it may occupy the centre of a flower, thus termi- 

 nating the axis, or it may be axillary to some or other 

 of its component parts, or, again, it may be extra-floral. 

 In this last case the prolification is of the inflorescence, 

 and is hardly distinguishable from multiplication or sub- 

 division of the common flower-stalk. In accordance 

 with these differences we have median, axillary, and 

 extra-floral prolification, each admitting of subdivision 

 into a leafy or a floral variety, according to the nature 

 of the adventitious bud. Under the head of each 

 variety certain special peculiarities are noticed, but it 

 may here be advisable to add a few general remarks 

 on the subject. 



Axillary prolification is a much less frequent raalfor- 



