HEKMAPHRODITISM. 199 



Veg.,' p. 343) to have observed a similar occurrence 

 in Carex gliiuca. 



Paasch^ observed a similar occurrence in C. ccespito.so ^ 

 and Schauer, in C. paludosa^ tbough in the latter in- 

 stance the case seems to have been one of transfor- 

 mation or substitution rather than one of hermaphro- 

 ditism. 



The second cause of this pseudo-hermaphroditism 

 is due either to the more or less perfect mutation of 

 male and female organs, or it may be to the complete 

 absence of one and its replacement by another, as 

 when out of many stamens, one or more are deficient, 

 and their places occupied by carpels. This happens 

 very frequently in willovrs and poplars, and has been 

 seen in the beech .^ 



In Begonia frigida* the anomaly is increased by the 

 position of the ovaries above, the perianth, a position 

 due, not to any solution or detachment of the latter 



Fig. 103. Heriuaphrodite flower of Carica Papaya. 



from the former, but simply to the presence of ovaries 

 where, under ordinary circumstances, stamens only are 



' Bot. Zeit.,' 1837, p. 335. 

 Pflanz, Terat.,' von Moquin-Tandon, p. 208. 

 ' Schnizlein, loc. cit. 



* ' Bot. Mag..' tab. 5160, fig. 4. See also ' Gard. Chron.,' 1860, pp. 

 146,170; 1861, p. 1092. 



