PHYLLODY. 241 



elsewhere, but, under the present heading, are specially 

 included cases not of merely diminished or increased, 

 but of perverted development ; the natural process is 

 here not necessarily checked or enhanced, but it is 

 changed. Hence, in the present work, the term 

 metamorphy is employed to distinguish cases where 

 the ordinary course of development has been perverted 

 or changed. As it is applied solely for teratolo- 

 gical purposes, the ordinary acceptation of the term, 

 as nearly synonymous with " development," is not 

 interfered with. 



In order to avoid other possible misapprehensions, 

 the terms retrograde and progressive metamorphosis 

 employed by Goethe are not herein used, their place 

 being, to a great extent, supplied by the more intelligible 

 expressions arrest or excess of development.^ 



CHAPTER I. 



PHYLLODY. 



This condition, wherein true leaves are substituted 

 for some other organs,^ must be distinguished from 

 Virescence, q. v., in which the parts affected have 

 simply the green colour of leaves, without their form 

 or structure. The appearance of perfect leaves, in 



' See Goethe, 'Versuch. der Metam. der Pflanzen,' 1790. English 

 translation by Emily M. Cox, in Seemann's 'Journal of Botany,' 

 vol. i, 1863, p. 327. For a brief sketch of the origin and progress of the 

 theory of vegetable morphology, prior to the publications of Wolff, 

 Linne, and Goethe, as well as for an attempt to show what share each 

 of these authors had in the establishment of the doctrine, the reader is 

 referred to an article in the ' Brit, and For. Medico- Chirurgical Review.' 

 January, 1862, entitled "Vegetable Morphology: its History and 

 Present Condition," by Maxwell T. Masters. 



' Engelmann makes use of the word frondescence in the same cases. 

 'De Anthol.,' p. 32, 38, while Morren adopts the term Phyllomorphy, 

 ' Lobelia,' p. 95. 



IG 



