OF THE CALYX. 247 



sometimes carried to such an extent, that five perfect, 

 bistipulate leaves occur in the place of the calyx, but 

 when this is the case it usually happens that the 

 pistil is abortive. 



Fig. 130. Fuchsia, with one of the sepals leaf -like. 



De Candolle^ figures a curious instance wherein the 

 pappus of Podospermum laciniatmn was replaced by 

 five linear, foliaceous lobes. A similar change has 

 been noticed in other composites, as in Tragopogon 

 jpratense. Engelmann mentions as subject to this 

 hypertrophy of the pappus, as it may be termed, 

 Scorzonera octangularis and Senecio vulgaris. Wigand 

 has observed a similar transformation in a species of 

 Centranthus {Valerianacece) . 



In some cases the phyllody of the sepals has a 

 special interest, as bearing on the question whether 

 what is termed calyx-tube is or is not a portion of the 

 calyx, and whether the sepals are modifications of the 

 blade or of the sheath of the leaf. Thus in the prim- 

 rose the phyllodic sepals seem to show clearly that 

 the sepals are in that plant of a laminar nature (fig. 

 131). The so-called calyx-tube of roses is elsewhere 

 alluded to. The leaf-like organs sometimes seen at the 

 apex of a cucumber would seem to support the view 

 that there was really a calyx-tube in Cacurhitacece 

 adherent to the carpels. It is also shown in the cut, 



' ' Organ. Veget.,' t. i, p. 492, pi. xxxii, f. . 



