278 PHTLLODY. 



M. A. Viaud-Grand-Marais^ records an interesting 

 example of clilorauthy, in whicli the sepals, petals, 

 pistils, and ovules of Anagallis arvensis were all folia- 

 ceous. Similar changes have not unfrequently been 

 met with in Dlctamnus Fraxinella. 



M. Germain de Saint Pierre has also recorded the 

 following deviations in the flowers of Bumex arifoUus 

 and B. scutatus ; in these specimens the calyx was 

 normal, the petals large, foliaceous, shaped Hke the 

 stem-leaves, the stamens were absent, the three carpels 

 fused into a triangular leafy pod, as long again as the 

 perianth, the stigmas normal or wanting, the ovule 

 represented by a thick funicle, terminated by a folia- 

 ceous appendage analogous to the primine.^ 



In grasses it frequently happens that the flowers 

 are replaced by leaf-buds ; this condition is alluded to 

 elsewhere under the head of viviparous grasses, but in 

 this place may be mentioned a less degree of change, and 

 which seems to have been a genuine case of chloranthy 

 in Glyceria fluitanSy the spikelet of which, as observed 

 by Wigand,'* consisted below of the ordinary imchanged 

 glumes, but the remaining paleas as well as the Iodides 

 and stamens were represented by ligulate leaves. The 

 plant, it is stated, was affected by a parasitic fungus. 

 On the other hand. General Munro, in his valuable 

 monograph of the Bamhusacece,'^ refers to an illustration 

 in which *' the lowest glumes generally, and the lowest 

 paleaB occasionally, had the appearance of miniature 

 leaves, with vaginae, ligules and cilia, enveloping, how- 

 ever, perfect fertile spiculae; as progress is made to- 

 wards the top of the spike, the ligule first, then the 

 cilia, and finally, the leaf-Uke extension disappears, 

 and the uppermost glumes assume the ordinary shape 

 and form of those organs." 



General remarks on chloranthy and frondescence. Moquin 



' ' BuU. Soc. Bot. France,' vol. viii, 1861, p. 695. 



' Ibid., vol. iii. 1856, p. 475. 



' Flora.'1856, p. 712: 



Trans. Linn. Soc.,' vol. xxvi, p. 37. 



