STAMINODY. 299 



are ocasionally partially antheroid, and others occur in 

 which two of the outer series of stamens, which are 

 ordinarily suppressed, are present, but in a petaloid 

 state. Reichenbach^ figures an illustration of this 

 change, and also Moggridge.^ 



Staminody of the pistils. The existence of this change has 

 been denied by several authors, nevertheless, it is of 

 sufficiently common occurrence. Alexander Braun 

 notices the transformation of pistils into stamens in 

 Chives {AlUum Scm-odopi'asurn), and in which three 

 stamens appeared in the place of as many pistils, and 

 had extrorse anthers, while the six normal anthers are 

 introrse. In the horse-radish {Annoracia rusticana), 

 two of the carpels are frequently converted into stamens, 

 while two other organs absent from the normal flower 

 make their appearance as carpels. Roeper has observed 

 this phenomenon in Eiiplwrhia palustris^ and in Genti- 

 ana camfpestris^ In these examples one of the carpels 

 was apparently absent, and its place supphed by an 

 anther. Roeper has also mentioned a balsam with a 

 supernumerary stamen occupying exactly the position 

 of a carpel.^ 



Agardh has observed a similar thing in a hyacinth, 

 one half of the fruit of which contained seeds, and the 

 other half, anthers. B. Clarke mentions an instance 

 in Mathiola incana in which the carpels were disunited, 

 and antheriferous at the margin.*' 



The passage of pistils to stamens in willows has been 

 frequently remarked, as in Sallx hahylonicay silesiaca, 

 cinerea, Caprea and nigricans. One of the most curious 

 illustrations of this transformation m this genus is 

 given by Henry and Macquart (Erst. Jahrb. des bot. 

 Vereines am m. et n. Rhein., 1837). In the flowers in 



1 ' Ic. Flor. Germ./ xiii, tab. 112, cccclxiv, f. 2. 



Seemann's ' Journal of Botany/ 1867, p. 317, t. 72, A {Ophrya). 



' ' Ennm. Eiiphorb.,* p. 53. 



* ' Linna;a,* i, p. 457. 



' ' De Balsam.' p. 17. 



* B. Clarke, ' An-angement of Phaenog. Plants,' p. 23. 



