300 METAMORPHY. 



question the series of changes were as follows : first, 

 the ovary opened by a slit, and then expanded into a 

 cup ; next, anther-cells were developed on the margin 

 of the cup, with stigmas alternating with them, the 

 ovules at the same time disappearing; lastly, the 

 margin became di\'ided, and bore three perfect anthers, 

 which in the more perfect states were raised on three 

 filaments. 



Campanula persicifolia, C. rapunculoideSf and C. 

 glomerata have been observed to present an anther 

 surmounting the pistil.^ Double tulips often present 

 this change, and a like appearance has been observed 

 in Galantlms nivalis^ and Narcissus Tazetta. 



Moquin mentions the existence of this condition in 

 a female plant of maize, some of the pistils of which 

 were wholly or partially converted into anther-like 

 organs. Mohl has recorded an analogous malforma- 

 tion in ChatTuerops liimiilis, and in which the three 

 carpels were normally formed, and only differed from 

 natural ovaries in this, that along the two edges of 

 the ventral suture there was a yellow thickening, 

 which a cross section of the ovary showed to be an 

 anther-lobe filled with pollen.^ 



In Tojieldia calyculata a similar substitution of a 

 stamen for a carpel has been observed by Klotsch,' 

 and Weber* gives other instances in Prunus and Pmonia. 

 Corresponding alterations may be met with in culti- 

 vated tulips, in the cowslip and other plants. In most 

 of the above cases the transmutation has been perfect, 

 but in quite an equal number of cases a portion only 

 of the carpel is thus changed, generally the style 

 or the stigma ; thus Baillon describes the stigmas of 

 Micinus coTwrmmis as having been in one instance 



' See Engelmann,' p. 26, tab. 3, f. 10, 11, 14. 



' Ann. Sc. Nat.,* ser. 2, t. viii, 1837, p. 58. 



' ' Bot. Zeit.,' 4, 1846, 889. 

 ' Verhandl. Nat. Hist. Ver. Preuss. Rheinl. und Wcstph.,' 1858, 

 1860, p. 381, Cramer also, ' Bildungsabweich,' p. 90, cites a case in 

 PcBonia where the carpel was open and petaloid, and bore an anther on 

 one margin, and four ovules on the other. 



