304 METAMORPHY. 



from another, and are formed by the transformation 

 of the filaments of the stamens.^ 



The additional carpels in the case of the apple of St. 

 Valery, in which the petals are of a green colour, like 

 the sepals, are by some attributed to the transforma- 

 tion of the stamens into carpels. These adventitious 

 carpels frequently contain imperfect ovules and form a 

 whorl above the normal ones. (See Pyrus dioica of 

 Willdenow.)^ A similar change occasionally happens 

 in the stamens of Magnolia fuscnia, while^in double 

 tulips this phenomenon is very frequent, and among 

 them may be found all stages of transition between 

 stamens and pistils, and many of the parts combining 

 the characters of both.* Dunal and Campdera have 

 described flowers of Rumex crispus, with seven pistils, 

 occupying the place of as many stamens. 



In Papaver bracteatum a considerable number of the 



Fig. 162. Substitution of carpels for stamens in Papaver. 



stamens sometimes become developed into pistils, 



1 Maout, ' Lemons Element.,* vol. ii, p. 488. 



Poiteau and Turpin, Arb. Fruit,' t. 37, and Trocul. ' Bull. Soc. Bot. 

 France,* vol. i, p. 3u7. 

 ' Clos, * Mem. Acad. Toulouse,' 5 ser., vol. iii. 



