316 HETEROMORPUY. 



Fuchsia. They are very frequent in some seasons in 

 the corolla of certain calceolarias (0. fiorihunda). By 



Morren this production of ad- 

 ventitious spurs was called 

 " Ceratomanie." 



Similar processes may some- 

 times be seen in the capsules 

 of Linaria vulgaris, as also in 

 the fruits of some of the Sola- 

 nums, quite without reference 

 to the arrangement of the 

 carpels, so that their produc- 

 FiG. 169. Corolla of tion seems to be purely irre- 



Calceolaria, showing irre- ffular. 



eular tubular epui's pro- -xm ' ^ 



jecting from the lower lip. Morren, as previously re- 



marked, gave the name 

 " Solenaidie " to tubular deformities affecting the 

 stamens, a term which has not been generally adopted ; 

 the deformity in question is by no means of uncommon 

 occurrence in some double or partially pelorised flowers, 

 as Antirrhinum, Linaria, &c. A similar formation of 

 conical out-growths may frequently be met with in the 

 fruits quite irrespectively of any disjunction of the 

 carpels. 



Contortion. An irregular twisting or bending of the 

 stem or branches is by no means of uncommon occur- 

 rence, the inducing causes being often some restriction 

 to growth in certain directions, or the undue or dispro- 

 portionate growth in one direction, as contrasted with 

 that in another. Hence it may arise from insect-punc- 

 ture, parasitic growth, or any obstacle to the natural 

 development. Frequently it exists in conjunction with 

 fasciation, the ends of the branches being curved round 

 like a shepherd's crook, from the growlbh on one side 

 being so much greater than on the other. Sometimes it 

 is a mere exaggeration of a normal condition ; thus, in 

 what are termed flexuose stems the stem twists alter- 

 nately to one side or another, frequently in association 



