FOLIAR ORGANS. 357 



Maugiu, ' Bull. Soc. Bot, Fr.,' 1866, t. xiii, p. 279. See also Cramer, 

 ' Biidungsabweich,' p. 92. Walpera, ' LinnaBa,' 1840, p. 362 (7-leaved). 

 Schlecbtendal, ' Bot. Zeit.,' 1844, p. 457, Cyturus. Wigaud, ' Flora,' 1856, 

 p. 706. 



Frondiferous leaves have much the appearance of 

 branches provided with leaves, and they may be com- 

 pared with those instances in which an adventitious 

 bud is placed on the surface or edges of the leaves, as 

 in Gesneray Cardaminey &c. In truth, the two conditions 

 merge one into the other, as in some begonias, where 

 the ramenta often become leaf-like and bear small 

 bulbils in the axil. 



When frondiferous leaves die the appendages die 

 also, but when a true bud has been formed on a leaf it 

 does not of necessity die with the leaf that bears it, but 

 separates from it and continues to grow independently. 



Increased number of stipules, spathes, &c- Seringe relates 

 the occasional presence of two or three additional 

 stipules upon the leaf-stalks of Salix frcujilU, and even 

 makes a variety (Salix perulula, var. multistipulata) . 



An increase in the number of the spathes has been 

 often noticed in Ai'ads.^ Prof. Alex. Braun has studied 

 this subject in some detail.^ In Calla palustris the 

 shoot which continues the growth of the plant proceeds 

 from the axil of the last leaf but one ; the very last leaf 

 producing no bud, but if accidentally a shoot is developed 

 in this latter situation it produces flowers at once. No 

 leaves are formed, but, on the contrary, two or three 

 spathes surround the spadix, so that the presence of an 

 increased number of spathes in this plant is associated 

 ^vith the development of a side shoot from the axil 

 of the last leaf, the situation whence, under natural 

 circumstances, no shoot at all issues. The super- 

 numerary spathes are not always on the same level, 

 but may be separated by a considerable interval. They 

 vary very much in size, and sometimes assume the 

 form and appearance of leaves. Similar anomaUes 



See Engelmann, ' De Antholysi,' p. 16, section 12. 



' 'VerhaniU. des Botanisch. N'ereins Brandpiibnrg,' 1859. 1 heft. 



