PEDUNCLE. 423 



(See fig. 176, p. 327.) The lower swelling is entirely 

 axial in these cases, as no trace of carpels is to be seen. 

 M. Carriere^ mentions an instance wherein from the 

 base of one apple projected a second smaller one, desti- 



Fio. 204. Monstrous pear, showing extension and swelling of axis, &.c. 



tute of carpels, but surmounted by calyx -lobes as usual. 

 The direction of this supernumerary apple was the 

 exact opposite of that of the primary fruit. 



In pears, quinces, and apples, a not uncommon 

 deviation is one in which the axis is prolonged beyond 

 the ordinary fruit, like which it is much swollen. 

 Occasionally the axis is not only prolonged, but 

 even ramifies, the branches partaking of the succu- 

 lent character of the ordinary pome. Such instances 

 are frequently classed under the head of prolification, 

 but they have in general no claim to be considered in 

 this light, for the reasons already given in the chapter 

 relating to that subject. (See p. 135.)^ 



Revue Horticole,' 1868, p. 110, figs. 12, 13. 



" The reader may also refer for further information on the subject of 

 malformed pears to Irmisch, ' Flora,' 1858, p. 38, tab. i ; Lindley. ' Theory 



