FLOKAL ORGANS. 429 



appearance of which is due apparently to an hypertro- 

 phied condition of the segments of the perianth, which 

 have not only increased in length as the central nut 

 has ripened, but have developed in their tissues that 

 fibrous tissue which ordinarily is found in the pericarp 

 only. This view of the structure of these nuts is 

 borne out by the fact that, under normal circumstances, 

 the base of the perianth contains a considerable amount 

 of fibrous material. In the present case this has in- 

 creased to such an extent that the fruit appears sur- 

 rounded by a double husk, by an inner one as usual, 

 and by an outer six-parted one. 



It will be remembered that in some of the Cin- 

 chonacece, e. g. Musscendaj P'mchieiia, Calycophyllum^ 

 one or more of the calycine lobes are normally dilated 

 and petaloid, the others remaining small and compara- 

 tively inconspicuous. Inequality in size is, indeed, a 

 common occurrence in the sepals of many natural 

 orders PolygalacecGf Legummosw, Labidtce, &c. The 

 flowers of a rose are mentioned by Moquin as having 

 presented an enlargement of the calyx without any 

 other alterations in form. Schlechtendal has noticed 

 the same thing in Papaver Rhceas, Reichenbach in 

 Campanula persicifoUa, and A. de Candolle in G. Ba- 

 punculus. M. Brongniart also has recorded^ a remark- 

 able variety of Primula sinensis cultivated in the Jardin 

 des Plantes at Paris, wherein the calyx is enormously 

 developed. MM. Fournier and Bonnet have described 

 flowers of Buhiis with hypertrophied calyx in conjunc- 

 tion with atrophy and virescence of the petals and 

 other changes.^ 



The corolla may be hypertrophied in some cases, 

 though the change is more rare than in most other 

 organs. Moquin-Tandon mentions as subject to this 

 anomaly species of GaleopsiSf Prunella^ Scahiosa, and 

 DipsacuSy and also mentions a remarkable variety of 

 Viola odorata cultivated in the neighbourhood of 



' ' Ann. Sc. Nat.,' ser. 2, t. i, p. 308, pi. ix c, Eg. 1. 

 * Bull. Soc. But. France,' 1802, t. ix, p. 37. 



