442 APOSTASIS. 



A fi'equent change in Orucifers is due to the forma- 

 tion of a long stalk bearing the pod, and thus giving 

 rise to the appearance met as a constant occurrence in 

 Capparids. 



In Tropoeolum majiis a similar elevation of the pistil 

 may occasionally be seen. 



The adjacent figure of a monstrous Delphinium taken 

 from Cramer illustrates well the elongation of the floral 

 axis and the apostasis of the carpels. In this instance 

 the axis is terminated by a second flower (median pro- 

 lification) . 



One of the best-marked illustrations of these changes 

 occurs in a permanent malformation of Epilobium kir- 

 sutum, specimens of which were originally obtained 

 from the late Professor Henslow. The several floral 

 parts are here, some virescent, others truly foliaceous, 

 and each whorl is separated from its neighbour by a 

 rather long internode. In Fuchsia and Campanula a 

 like change may occasionally be observed. 



Engelmann, in addition to those previously men- 

 tioned, cites the following plants as having manifested 

 this change : 



*Convallaria majalis /, *Tulipa Gesneriana .', Veronica 

 ChamcedrySy Orobanche gracilis^ Solanum Lijcopersicuniy 

 Gentiana campestris, Hypericum^ Helleboms fetidus\ 

 Caltha palustriSf Brassica oleracea ! and many Rosacea', 

 Caryophyllece, Gmcifercf, and Ranunculacem. (See 

 Dialysis, Median Prolification, &c.) 



Apostasis of the subfloral or involucral leaves is not 

 of infrequent occurrence in malformations affecting 

 Composifce and UmbeUiferce. In the following genera 

 it has been observed with especial frequency : Torilis 

 AnthriscuSj Eryngium, Athamanta Cervaria, Leontodonf 

 Tragopogon p>raten8e !, Wedelia perfoliata ! In garden 

 anemones, also, it is a common deviation. 



