254 WEEDS OF THE FARM AND GARDEN 



form beak, the latter being paler in color than the seed ; 

 all parts of plant contain milky juice. Plant probably 

 introduced into the United States as early as 1863, and 

 isolated specimens were reported here and there in the 

 Mississippi Valley twenty-five years ago. In places it 

 is almost beyond control. Common in Iowa in the north- 

 ern and western parts of the state. 



Wild Lettuce (Lactuca canadensis, L.). This is a tall, 

 leafy plant, glabrous or nearly so. Lower leaves are 

 sinuate pinnatifid ; the upper are entire. Flowers pale 

 yellow. Achenes blackish. 



Rushlike Lygodesmia (Lygodesmia juncea, (Pursh) 

 D. Don.). A tufted, smooth, frequently glaucus, peren- 

 nial, a foot or more high, from a thick, woody root; 

 copious milky juice; lower leaves rigid, linear-lanceolate, 

 entire, upper leaves scalelike; heads erect with purple 

 flowers; achenes narrow-ribbed; pappus light brown. 

 Common on the plains from the Missouri River to 

 western Montana, Northwest Territory and east to the 

 St. Croix River in Wisconsin. Reported as troublesome 

 in corn fields of northwestern Iowa, in Colorado and 

 Montana. 



Orange Hawkweed (Hieracium aurantiacum, L.). 

 A low perennial, generally stoloniferous ; leaves long, 

 hirsute, hispid and glandular above; basal leaves hirsute; 

 stem leaves one or two, sessile ; heads clustered, pedun- 

 cles glandular; involucral bracts linear, lanceolate, 

 acuminate, hirsute ; flowers deep orange or flame colored. 

 Common in clover fields and meadows. Naturalized from 

 Europe. Distributed from eastern Canada to Ohio and 

 occasionally westward. 



