284 WESTERN GRAZING GROUNDS AND FOREST RANGES 



to chew it into shape to be digested. When she has 

 fully masticated one lot it is swallowed and goes into the 

 second stomach while, if she is undisturbed, she raises 

 another cud and repeats the process. This is chewing 

 her cud. If a cow fails to chew her cud she is simply 

 out of sorts, her digestive apparatus is wrong some- 

 where, and the only remedy is something that will 

 cure the indigestion. 



As in the human, loosen up the bowels with a dose 

 of salts or oil, give her an injection of warm, soapy 

 water, change her feed, give nature a chance to effect 

 a cure and let her alone as much as possible. Bots, blind 

 teeth, burning for lampas, hollow horn, wolf tail and 

 several other old-fashioned stock diseases have given 

 way before modern scientific investigations and are 

 not now part and parcel of the veterinarian's diseases. 



There are two books published by the United States 

 Department of Agriculture, "The Diseases of Cattle" 

 and "The Diseases of Horses," which should be in the 

 hands of every stockman. They may be secured through 

 Congressmen. In these two volumes the various diseases 

 from which horses and cattle suffer are most admirably 

 treated and the remedies are those which every stock- 

 owner should have on hand, ready for emergencies. The 

 easiest manner of administering medicines to animals is 

 of course through the medium of feed. 



Bran, corn chop, or other soft feeds may be used if 

 the medicines are not injurious to the linings of the 

 throat or mouth and have no disagreeable taste. This 

 is the most satisfactory method. Generally, however, 

 a sick animal is one that is not eating, hence the com- 

 monest method is by means of drenches through the 

 mouth or injections through the rectum. A beer bottle 



