358 



WESTERN GRAZING GROUNDS AND FOREST RANGES 



withers. In the low Texas tree it is not over four, mak- 

 ing a tremendous difference in the leverage against the 

 animal in a side or even an end-pull. No wonder they 

 have to stand in one stirrup to keep the single-rig high- 

 horned tree from turning onto the horse's side when the 

 strain comes on the rope. 



1. Spanish Spade Bit. 2. Spanish Ring Bit. (Both are brutal and of no practi- 

 cal value in stopping a horse.) 3. A Modified Spanish Bit That is 

 First Class For All Work. 



Being California-bred, with five years' army experi- 

 ence in a Government saddle, and finally twenty years on 

 a range where a man could not use a single-cinch saddle 

 and hold his job, I feel competent to compare them all. 



Bits and Bridles. The California vaquero rode with a 

 heavy silver-mounted spade bit with a huge burr or rol- 

 ler in it which made music when the horse rolled it with 

 his tongue. These were and are an abomination. They 



