148 THE WHEAT PLANT 



In the following year (1787) Villars, in the Histoire des plantes de 

 Dauphine (vol. ii. p. 153), referred all the wheats to seven species, viz. : 



1. T. vulgare (T. aestivum, L.). 



2. T. touzelle, Gouan hort. 57 (T. hybernum, L.). 



3. T. turgidum, L. 



4. T. maximum (a wheat resembling T. polonicum). 



5. T. compositum, L. 



6. T. Spelta, L. 7. T. monococcum, L. 



Schrank in 1789 (Baler, Fl. vol. i. p. 387) recognised only two species, 

 viz. : 



1. T. cereale, with the two varieties : (a) aestivum, (/3) hybernum. 



2. T. Spelta. 



He says that he thinks " Emmer which is cultivated in Wurtemberg 

 belongs to this, if it is not a distinct species ; I call it * dicoccon." 



Host in 1805 (Gram. Austr. vol. iii.) extended the list to eleven species, 

 viz. : 



1 . T. vulgare ( = T. aestivum and T. hybernum). 



2. T. compositum, L. 5. T. Spelta ( = T. amyleum, Ser.). 



3. T. turgidum, L. 



6. T. polonicum, L. 



4. T. Zea ( T. Spelta, L.) 7. T. monococcum, L. 



and added in 1809 (vol. iv.) 



8. T. hordeiforme (a form of T. durum, Desf.). 



9. T. villosum (a pubescent white-glumed T. durum, Desf.). 



10. T. compactum. 



11. T. atratum (a variety of T. amyleum, Ser., with dark brown or black 



pubescent glumes). 



Host was the first botanist who united the Linnean T. aestivum and 

 T. hybernum under one species (T. vulgare). Persoon, in his Synopsis 

 Plantarum (1805), united them with T. durum under the name T. sativum. 



In 1809 Bayle-Barelle (Mon. agr. dei cereali) described eleven species 

 in two sections, viz. : 



SECTION I 



i. T. compositum, L. fils. | 2. T. turgidum, L,. 3. T. polonicum, L. 



4. T. cerulescens ( = a variety of T. durum, Desf.). 



5. T. tomentosum ( = a variety of T. durum, Desf., or T. turgidum, L.). 



6. T. candidissimum, Arduini ( = a red-grained variety of T. durum, Desf., 



with white glabrous and shining glumes), which he considers the 

 Siligo of Varro, Pliny, and Columella. 



7. T. creticum silvestre ( = T. sylvestre creticum, C. Bauhin, and awnless 



T. compactum, Host). 



