RIVET OR CONE WHEAT 257 



Young shoots, semi-erect ; young leaves almost smooth, the hairs on the ridge 

 being reduced in this form to short projections from the epidermis. 



Strata, tall, 125-130 cm. (about 50 inches) high ; upper internode solid. 



Ear, compressed, 7-9 cm. long, and 4-5 cm. across the widest part. The 

 branching of the ear is hereditary, but the extent of its manifestation is influenced 

 by soil conditions and season and by the space allotted to the plants. 



In the simpler, least compound ears the upper part is normal, with a single 

 spikelet at each notch of the rachis, a few of the lower notches producing a pair 

 of spikelets placed side by side and arranged at right angles to those of the 

 normally placed single spikelets above. In large well-developed ears the upper 

 third is usually normal ; below this, one or two notches bear pairs of spikelets ; 

 at the remaining lower notches secondary ears are produced, their spikelets 

 being arranged at right angles to those on the apical portion of the main axis. 

 The secondary ears vary in number, length, and development ; ten or twelve 

 are often found on well-grown cars, the largest 3-4 cm. long with 10-14 small 

 crowded spikelets, whose grains often protrude from between the short glumes ; 

 the basal secondary ears are often rudimentary, possessing 4-10 diminutive 

 spikelets, usually barren or nearly so. 



A large well-developed ear frequently has a total of 115-120 spikelets and 

 140-150 grains, one of average size 85-90 spikelets and 80-100 grains ; the wheat 

 is nevertheless not prolific in field culture, the tillering power being low, each 

 plant rarely producing more than two straws. 



Empty glumr, 7 mm. long, reddish, with a glaucous covering and a dark line 

 often along the outer margin (Forms 4, 6, Fig. 152). The awns of the flowering 

 glumes are short and slender, 4-9 cm. long, sometimes black at the base. 



Grain, mealy, small, with prominent dorsal ridge and blunt apex ; <>; nun. 

 long, 3-8 mm. broad, 3-8 mm. thick. 



Ear btardcd, simple ; glumes red, pubescent ; atcns red ; grain red. 



T. turgidum, var. dinurum, K<irn. Ilandb. d. Getr. i. 63 (1885). 



This is perhaps the most widely cultivated variety of T. turgidum, some forms 

 being comparatively hardy and adapted to a great range of climate. It is grown 

 in England, France, (icrmany, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Hulgaria, (i recce, and 

 Turkey ; apparently not in Russia. The young leaves of the majority of the 

 representatives of this variety are almost glabrous, the hairs being very short, 

 from 32 to 64 fi long, those of typical turgtJum being 120-250 /i long. 



i. Trigo focense. Received from Spain. (I have had forms of T. vulgare, 

 var. rr\throsf>ermum, from Spain under the name Trigo focense.) 



Young shoots, semi-erect ; youny leaves almost glabrous. 



Stratc, very tall, 150 cm. (about oo inches) high ; upper internode hollow 

 with thick walls. 



Ear, lax, 10-12 cm. long, ru/^w-like, 12-15 mm. across the face, 10-1 i mm. 

 across the 2-ranked side ; spikelets 26-30, wide, 3- to 4-grained ; I) 2<>-2~ ; 

 awns 12-13 cm. long, deciduous (Kar type i, Fig. 156). 



Empty glume, 8 mm. long, apical tooth acute, 1-5 mm. long (4, Fig. 1^,2). 



