28 



THE WHEAT INDUSTRY 



the second time at right angles to the first. Gen- 

 erally speaking, this method is used only where 

 the soil is light and the rainfall scant. As a rule 

 even in such regions the land is plowed every 

 other year. 



Harrowing the Soil. - - After plowing, the land 

 is smoothed down, the clods pulverized, and the 



FIG. 16. Harrowing the ground before drilling the wheat. This harrow, drawn 

 by five horses, takes a strip twenty feet wide. 



soil packed to some extent. This is accomplished 

 by harrowing. The harrow is commonly of the 

 toothed type ; that is, iron spikes set in pipes or 

 bars (Fig. 16). The size of the harrow varies 

 from the small one-section four-foot width, drawn 

 by one horse, to the four-section twenty-foot 

 width, pulled by five horses. With the larger 

 outfit one man and a team can cover 60 acres in a 



