MARKETING 127 



country elevators usually vary from 8000 to 

 20,000 bushels, although some are much larger. 

 Gasoline or steam engines are used as power for 

 operating the machinery. 



The elevators are in charge of a buyer, known as 

 a grain dealer, who grades each farmer's wheat 

 and pays him as soon as it is delivered. This 

 transaction completed, the farmer's direct interest 

 ceases. He takes his money to use for living ex- 

 penses, and the surplus is often used for buying 

 equipment to raise more wheat. He buys more 

 land or more up-to-date machinery, and in either 

 case looks forward to increased production. He 

 has made his contribution to commerce. 



The Market Grades of Wheat. - -The price received 

 by the farmer depends somewhat on the quality 

 of the wheat. The larger market centers have 

 adopted standard requirements for different grades 

 so that the wheat of commerce is now purchased 

 and handled as No. i, 2, 3, 4, or Ungraded. It 

 is also classified as to whether it is Spring or 

 Winter wheat and Hard or Soft. This classifica- 

 tion further includes in a general way the color, - 

 white or red. Thus a typical market description 

 for Kansas wheat would be No. 2 Hard Winter 

 Red. 



The grade requirements are not uniform in all 

 countries of the world, and not even closely uni- 

 form in the different market centers of the United 



