MILLING 151 



since when they were used the bran was more 

 easily separated and the flour was whiter. 



The opening of new wheat regions in the North- 

 west, where large quantities of hard spring wheat 

 were produced, increased the demand for other 

 milling methods. A method was required which 

 would produce a good flour from their product. 

 The first step toward this end was the invention 

 of the middlings purifier. This is a method, 

 which, during the milling process, separates the 

 parts of the kernel. The middlings are the coarse 

 particles coming from the part of the kernel be- 

 tween the bran covering and the starchy central 

 part. In the old process middlings were avoided, 

 and as much flour as possible was obtained from 

 the first grinding. Now by setting the stones far 

 apart the purpose is to make at the first grind a 

 large percentage of middlings and to eliminate the 

 bran and first flour, which is of a low grade. The 

 middlings, which are then purified and reground, 

 make the high grade flour. By this method the 

 hard spring wheat gave a high percentage of 

 middlings and immediately came into favor. 



The increasing number of breaks that be- 

 came necessary, though, demanded improved ma- 

 chinery. Representatives from the leading mills 

 in the United States visited Europe and there 

 studied the Hungarian methods of milling. This 

 study resulted in the adoption of a roller system 



