172 THE WHEAT INDUSTRY 



grades of flour. Bran is composed of the outer 

 coats of the kernels and of such portions of the 

 inner parts as are not separated in the milling 

 processes. The scourings from the grain are 

 usually added to the bran. Shorts and bran are 

 both concentrated stock feeds. 



Wheat as a Food.- The wheat grain has its 

 largest use as a human food and in this capacity 

 has rapidly replaced the other grains. This is 

 due to its palatability rather than to its superiority 

 in sustaining life. 



Sometimes the whole wheat is used. In this 

 case the grain is cleaned and cooked until it is 

 soft and then served with milk and fruits added. 

 This was the primitive method of preparing wheat. 

 Now it is usually more or less broken up and 

 separated according to its composition. 



The Use of Wheat for Macaroni. Macaroni 

 is an Italian preparation. It is made from hard 

 wheats, which have a high gluten content. They 

 are often called macaroni wheats, of which Durum 

 is a typical example. They are grown in nearly 

 all the wheat-producing countries. Some of the 

 very best macaroni wheats are grown in Russia 

 and Italy. Although originally an Italian indus- 

 try, macaroni is so widely used that many coun- 

 tries are now manufacturing it. In the United 

 States, from home-grown Durum wheat, about 

 100,000,000 pounds of macaroni are made annu- 



