284 THE WHEAT INDUSTRY 



cheaply in England than in the New World, since 

 milling is there well developed and labor is cheaper. 

 Canada exports at present from 30 to 50 per cent 

 more bushels of wheat annually than does the 

 United States. On the other hand she exports 

 only about two fifths as many barrels of flour. 



Extensive preparation has been made to care 

 for and develop this export trade. Canada has 

 five great railways whose chief interest lies in the 

 wheat traffic. Of these, the Canadian Pacific, 

 the Canadian Northern, and the Grand Trunk 

 are the most important. The Canadian Pacific 

 connects the Atlantic coast with the Pacific. It 

 also furnishes a direct line from Winnipeg to 

 Fort William and Port Arthur, the Lake Superior 

 terminals of the wheat traffic. The Grand Trunk 

 connects Winnipeg with Montreal and Quebec, and 

 Portland, Maine. Its summer port is Montreal, 

 and its winter port, because of the ice-bound St. 

 Lawrence, is Portland. It has recently built a 

 western line to Prince Rupert by which it con- 

 nects the wheat fields of Canada with the Pacific 



Ocean. This connection with Pacific ports will 

 provide an all-year water highway for export 

 trade, and shipments of wheat can then be made 

 from western Canada by way of the Panama 

 Canal across the Atlantic to England. This will 

 prove a great benefit to the wheat regions of the 

 Canadian northwest, for they can then reach Euro- 



