306 TltE WHEAT INDUSTRY 



used in the United States. This class of producers 

 operate gang plows, press drills, and modern 

 binders and threshers. In fact during -recent 

 years southwestern Russia has been a good market 

 region for American-made machinery, particularly 

 for binders. 



, Kinds of Wheat. - - Conditions are favorable 

 for winter wheat and it is grown extensively in 

 both Poland (western Russia) and in the vicinity 

 of the Black Sea. In Poland snows protect the 

 wheat from being winterkilled, and in the Black 

 Sea region the temperatures in winter are moderate, 

 and wheat is able to live through the season. 



Generally, however, spring wheat is the more 

 important and is approximately four fifths of 

 Russia's total production. This is because of the 

 fact that during much of the time of the low tem- 

 peratures which occur in winter over a great deal 

 of the region, the ground is not protected by a snow 

 cover. These conditions are naturally unfavor- 

 able for winter varieties. 



Russian wheats are of good milling qualities 

 and are much in demand in European markets 

 for flour purposes. 



The Extent of Wheat Production in This Region. 



- Because of the crude farming methods and the 

 lack of intensive agriculture, the yield is very 

 moderate. During the years 1908 to 1912 the 

 average yield reported varied from 9 to 1 1 bushels 



