WHEAT IN EUROPE 313 



among which is the well-known Turkey Red, are 

 most profitable. Occasionally there will be an 

 open winter and because of the lack of snow cover 

 the wheat will winterkill. In this event spring 

 wheats are sown as early as the season permits. 



Here the plow is a peculiar machine. Two 

 wheels are in front and the wooden plow proper 

 behind. The peasant yokes up his two or three 

 pairs of oxen with the old fashioned clumsy wooden 

 yoke and proceeds to the field. His boy acts as 

 the driver and he is left free to guide the plow. 

 The sowing is done by hand. 



June is the harvest month. In harvesting the 

 men and women wield the simplest kind of reaping 

 hook or scythe and the children, following, gather 

 the wheat stalks and spread them on the field to 

 dry. When dry, the wheat is taken to the stack 

 or barn and the poor people who wish to do so may 

 come and pick up the stray stalks that are left in 

 the field. These people are known as gleaners. 



The wheat, with the heads all pointing in one 

 direction, is spread out about an inch thick on the 

 floor and is threshed with the flail. The grain so 

 spread is called haulm. On the larger farms the 

 threshing is done by having a loaded cart pulled 

 over the haulm as it lies on the floor. Few steam 

 engines are in use, although they are beginning to 

 be introduced in some places. 



Roumania produces between 75,000,000 and 



