18 



THE WHITE PINE. 





From the figures, to which about 10 per cent must be added for shingles, laths, etc.. it appears 

 that the yearly output did not reach 4 billion feet until 1879, and that the greatest increase in the 

 < nt occurred between 1876 and 1882, when the 7 -billion mark was reached. This enormous cut 

 continued until the general business depression of 1894 called a temporary halt, lu Minnesota, 

 pini' lumbering began on the St. Croix and did not reach conspicuous dimensions until during the 

 eighties, when the regions along the upper Mississippi, as well as the Duluth district, were opened. 

 This progress westward is well illustrated by the following figures, which show the percentage of 

 the total cut of lumber alone from period to period, by districts: 



Percentage of total cut of lumber, 1873 to 1895, 1>y districts. 



111 this connection the White Pine trade of St. Louis presents an interesting illustration. The 

 first pine lumber was received from Pittsburg in 1819, and this point remained the principal 

 source of supplies for years. In 1843 a boom ou the St. Croix Eiver broke and the liberated logs 

 were gathered and rafted to St. Louis, where they were sawn. In 1850 the first regular raft of 

 Wisconsin logs was brought to the city. In 1853 Schulenberg and Boeckler built a large sawmill 

 on the St. Croix, and from this time on rafts of sawed White Pine were sent to St. Louis from the 

 northern rivers. 



The receipts of White Pine at St. Louis were: In 1853, about 60 million feet; in 1882, about 

 162 million feet. Similarly the lumber trade of the city of Chicago, the greatest lumber market 

 in the United States, if not in the world, illustrates well the development of the White Pine 

 lumber industry. In 1847 only 32 million feet of White Pine lumber were received. The annual 

 receipts at intervals of ten years since 1855 to 1895 were as follows : 



Feet. 



1855 306,000,000 



1865 647,145,734 



1875 1,153,715,432 



1885 1,744,892,000 



1895 1,637,389,000 



The receipts reached their maximum in 1892 with 2,203,874,000 feet, and the heavy diminution 

 since that date is not greater than would be accounted for by the general business depression 

 throughout the country. 



In Canada, as in New England, the exploitation of White Pine began almost with the first 

 settlement. Logs, hewn timbers, and especially ship spars, were exported in early days, and of 

 late years an extensive trade in sawn lumber, as well as saw logs, has sprung up between that 

 country and the United States. Since reliable statistics of the lumber output of this region are 

 wanting, the following figures for the dues on crown timber in Ontario and Quebec must suffice to 

 illustrate the development of the industry: 



Areraye annual dues on crown timber for Ontario and Quebec. 



1826-1834. 



$24,000 



lSi5-1851 82,000 



1852-1857 122,000 



1858-1866 168,000 



1867-1881 450,000 



The export into the United States for 1894, the heaviest year, was: Lumber, 1,155 million 

 feet (Pine and Spruce); pine logs, 277,947,000 feet, or less than H billion feet B. M. 



Though scattering White Pine occurs in all provinces of eastern Canada, large bodies of 

 merchantable timber are only to be found on the upper waters of the Ottawa, and on the shores 



