30 



THE WHITE I'l.NK. 





. Lrel (round, (oil henry loam, somewhat shaded. 



No. 10. From old pasture after one year's tillage; 5 feut from Xo. 6; hore cones. 



No. 11. old pasture. *>il shallow, gravelly loam ou compact niilxoil of sand; pine mixed with Hemlock, Oak, and Maple. 

 So. 11. On slight incline to north; soil nearly 3 inches from similar tree, with others quite near; crowded. 

 No. IS. Level (round, soil heavy loam, somewhat shaded. 



Xos. 14-16. Old panture, noil shallow, gravelly loam on compact snliinll of sand; pine mixed with Hemlock, Oak. and Maple. 

 Ho. 17. Isolated; lost leader air years previous, apparently through leader worm. 

 Xo. 18. Level ground, soil heavy loam, notnewhat slnided. 



Ko. 19. With Xo. 12; lost leader live years previous by leader worm ; nearest neighbors 2, 5, and 10 feet, respectively. 

 Xo. 20. Level ground, soil heavy loam, somewhat shaded. 



X*. Jl-26. < >lil !>:* tun-, soil shallow, gravelly loatn on compact subsoil of sand ; pirn- mixed with Hemlock, Oak, and Maple; ground 

 alopra to west; all six trees, besides four others, within circle of 24 feet diameter; crown ahout 20 feet lou^. 



Concerning trees 1, 2, 5, (i, 7, 8, and 10 (Table II), Mr. Hobbs sent the following interesting 

 communication, under date of January 11, 1887: 



All these trees were found in an old pasture adjoining my land on the mirth and having similar aspect and soil. 

 A fringe of tall White Pine timber surrounds it on three sides, north, east, and south. The distance across this open 

 land from north to south is about 60 rods. This land has liei-n in pasture from fifty to one hundred years. It was 

 formerly thickly covered with moss, sweet fern, and other low-growing bushes, in the shade of which animals found 

 some grass. Although thus surrounded by tall pines their seeds seldom sprung up. 



Not many years before these trees started a portion of this land was plowed and planted with potatoes one year, 

 and then turned out to pasture again, whereupon young pines immediately sprung up. These were cut down first, 

 bnt they continued to come up so abundantly that they were allowed to grow, and now the patch that was planted 

 with potatoes is quite thickly covered, in many places too thickly, with trees like those measured. This fact shows 

 the importance of turning up the soil so that the seeds that fall upon it may have a chance to take root. Only here 

 and there a seed will find lodgment on laud that is covered with moss and low-growing bushes, no matter how 

 abundantly seeds may be sown upon it. 



How such trees continue to grow is shown in Table III. From the measurements it appears 

 that a steady growth continues, which, by the hundredth year has brought the tree to a height of 

 near 100 feet. 



TABLE III. Measurements of White Pine, grown on abandoned fields. 

 [Furnished hy Mr. J. E. Hobbs, of North Berwick, Me.] 



NOTES TO TABLE III. 



Xo. 1. North Berwick, Me.; near foot of hill sloping to north; growth, dense; apparently abandoned farm land; shallow, sandy soil. 



Xo. 2. South Berwick, Me. ; thrifty second growth, in valley of Great Works River; exhausted farm land on grauitic formation; 

 sand over 20 feet deep, well stocked with White Pine. 



Xi>. :i. North Berwick, Me.; near foot of hill sloping to north ; growth, dense; apparently abandoned farm land; shallow, sandy soil. 



Xo. 4. Xorlh Berwick, Me. ; near foot of hill sloping to north; growth, dense: apparently abandoned farmland; shallow, sandy soil. 



XIP. :>. Smith Berwick. Me.; thrifty second growth, in valley of Great Works Kiver; exhausted farm land ou granitic formation: 

 sand over 2 ) feet deep, well stocked with White Pine. 



N.ps.r^lil. Xortli Berwick, Me. ; near foot of hill sloping to north; growth, dense ; apparently abandoned farmland; shallow, sandy uil. 



DEVELOPMENT IN THE FOREST. 



In the dense forest the same general law of development, namely, of slow and rapid stages, 

 prevails for dominant trees as is exemplified by the foregoing measurements of trees grown in 

 the field, although the quantitative progress varies somewhat. According to the relative amount 



