58 



THE WHITE PINE. 



we except the losses occasioned by the more or less sporadic attacks of certain species of the 

 Scolytida* already mentioned, probably this opinion is about correct. Five of these species have 

 been dcscrihfcl. all pine feeders and beetles of the largest size, with elongate cylindrical bodies 

 and extremely long antenme, those of the male being two or three times as long as the remainder 

 of the insect. The pine sawyers are most troublesome in the mill yard, and their large white larvre 

 often do much damage to logs by eating great holes through their solid interior. While burrowing 

 in the wood the larva- make a peculiar grating sound that may be heard on quiet nights at a consid- 

 erable distance. This is a familiar sound in the lumber camps of the North, and has probably 



Fin. 9 Gallery of Onathotnehus materiarius in pine (adapted from a drawing by A. D. Hopkins). 



given rise to the name of pine sawyers, by which these insects are known. Monoltammus con- 

 fitsor Kby. is a large gray species destructive in the lumbering districts of the Northern United 

 States and Canada ; M. titillator Fab., a mottled brown beetle, replaces the above species in the 

 South, and M. mticulosus Hald. occurs in the "West; M. scutellatus Say. is widely distributed and 

 abundant from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and M. marmorator Kby. is a rather rare northern 

 form. 



Among other borers belonging to the same family as the sawyers, the majority of which infest 

 White Pine, may be mentioned Criocephalns agrestis Kby., C. obsoletus Baud., Asemum nicest ion 

 Hald., Orthosoma brunneum Forst., Prionus pocularis Dalm., Hylotrupes bajiiliis Linn., CalUilium 

 antennatum Newm., Khagium lineatum Ol., GrapMsuruspusillus Kby., Acantkocinus 

 obsoletus Ol., A. nodosus Fab., and Neoclytus muricatulus Kby. 



In the Coleopterous family Buprestidae are many borers which infest pine. 

 These include five species of Chalcophora, one of which, C. virginiensis Dru., is 

 figured (fig. 10) ; Dicerca punctulata Sch., D. tenebrosa Kby., Buprestis striata 

 Fab., Melanophila fulvoguttata Harr., M. longipcs Say., Ghrysobothris dentipes 

 Germ., C.floricola Gory, and C. scabripennis Lap. and Gory. These beetles are 

 graceful in form, hard of texture, and many are brilliantly metallic. Their larvae 

 are slender, white grubs with very large, round flat heads. Some of this family 

 attack living trees and do injury to the sapwopd and to felled timber in the same manner as the 

 sawyers, but the majority of them prefer devitalized material, and their attacks are usually 

 secondary to some more injurious species. 



THE 'WHITE-PINE "WEEVIL. 



In the White Pine forests of the Northern States, particularly in those of a second growth, 

 one's attention is often drawn to the great number of deformed trees. They sometimes occur 

 singly, but more often in groups. The insect that is responsible for this damage is the white-pine 

 weevil (7V. </<* strain Peck). This beetle is a member of the family Curculionidre, and is about a 

 fourth of an inch in length, of oval form, red and brown in color, with its elytra marked with white 



Tto. 10. Chalcnphorn 

 virffimcn.tii natural 

 size (Marx deli. 



