LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



Bold Headlands on Lake Superior Frontispiece 



CHAPTER I 



PAGE 



FIG. i. Eroding Clay Bluffs on the Shore of Lake Michigan with 



Vegetation Sliding Down into Lake . . ... 2 



FIG. 2. Serried Ranks of Billows, Lake Superior Shore . . y;; . 3 



FIG. 3. A Stream Cutting Its Banks . 4 



FIG. 4. A Mountain Torrent in Its Narrow Valley . . . /. 5 



FIG. 5. The Beginnings of a Ravine near Glencoe . .: . . 5 



FIG. 6. A Deep V-Shaped Ravine near Fort Sheridan . ... . 6 



FIG. 7. The Dalles of the Wisconsin River . . . /. , ,-.. 7 

 FIG. 8. The Valley of the Illinois at Starved Rock . . ' ' , ; .,. >.. : 8 

 FIG. 9. A Narrow Rock Ravine Ending in a Waterfall at Starved 



Rock . . . -I . : vi. 9 



FIG. 10. The Glacier, a Stream of Ice, Canadian Rockies . v;, 9 

 FIG. ii. Clay Pinnacles, Rainwashed, near Lakeside, Michigan 



Inset, Near View of Pinnacles , . 10 



FIG. i2. Talus at Foot of Cliff and Outwash from the Hills . . 12 



FIG. 13. A Hill of Sand Moving Inland, South End of Lake Michigan 13 



FIG. 14. A Blow-out in the Dunes . .-*"'"! ; '^~- : '^'^' '. c . 14 



FIG. 15. A Filling Pond ''^ : .'' K ' .'' ; ''''^ : ^ ". J . 15 



FIG. 16. A Flood Plain Where Deposits Occur Annually, Salt Creek 



near Brookfield 15 



FIG. 17. Up-Arched Rock Strata, Pennsylvania : '; ; ' V ; . . 18 



FIG. 1 8. Lava Outflow Forming Great Areas of Rock . . . 19 



FIG. 19. The Terminal Moraine of a Glacier 19 



CHAPTER II 



FIG. 20. Canon Diablo .. , . . 24 



FIG. 21. A Spiral Nebula 24 



FIG. 22. Diagrammatic Section of the Earth 26 



CHAPTER III 



FIG. 23. The Quarries of Stony Island Showing Opposite Inclina- 

 tion of Strata -. . . 37 



FIG. 24. Diagram of Rock Strata Found in Deep Boring at Lock- 

 port, Illinois 38 



xiii 



