124 A NATURALIST IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION 



remains as to be capable of holding enough moisture to support 

 a new set of plants. 



Jack pines, then white pines, and a whole new set of associated 

 plants, begin to change the appearance of the dunes, back in the 

 pine association (Fig. 90). The arbor vitae, improperly called 

 the white cedar, the red cedar, the common juniper, and the 

 prostrate juniper, are conspicuous and give a northern air 

 to these dune areas. The associated plants are mostly those 



FIG. 90. At the edge of the pine association looking toward the cottonwood 

 zone. The tall trees at left are white pines, Finns strobus. At the right are 

 red cedars, Juniperus virginianns, with little bunches of spreading juniper, 

 Juniperus communis. 



usually recognized as northerners. The bearberry covers the 

 ground with its glistening leaves; shinleaf, checkerberry, prince's 

 pine, star flower, and false lily-of-the-valley are common. Blue- 

 bells, puccoon, horsemint, hairy phlox, St. John's-wort, star grass, 

 Solomon's seal both true and false bellwort, and the wild 

 rose make these dunes gay with blossoms. Staghorn sumac, 

 dwarf sumac, aromatic sumac, and red-osier dogwood make 

 dense thickets of shrubs, while bittersweet, woodbine, poison 

 ivy, and grape add to their impenetrability. 



