130 A NATURALIST IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION 



acute at both ends. The bellwort (Fig. 100) is very abundant 

 in spots in spring. It also has parallel-veined leaves, lance 

 shaped, borne on a pliant, unbranched, low stem. The flower 

 is single, one on each plant, a pendant, yellow, lily-like 

 blossom. 



Staghorn sumac (Fig. 104) is a shrub readily recognized by 

 its coarse, pithy twigs covered with velvety hairs. The dwarf 

 sumac (Fig. 105) is a small edition of the staghorn with this 

 marked difference, that in the latter the leafstalks are margined 

 with a wing between the leaflets of the pinnately compound 

 leaves. The aromatic sumac (Fig. 106) is a struggling, low 

 shrub with softly hairy, young leaves. The leaves have three 

 leaflets and have a pleasant odor when crushed. In the same 

 genus (Rhus) of innocent plants comes the poison ivy and its 

 even more poisonous brother, poison sumac (Fig. 107), also 

 called poison dogwood or poison elder. It grows in the swamps, 

 not on the dunes. But the poison ivy (Fig. 1 13) is very common 

 in the dunes, particularly in the pine association. It is a vine, 

 though often appearing as a shrub. The leaf has three leaflets, 

 as has that of the poison sumac, and like the latter the fruit is 

 white, clustered, appearing berry-like. Woodbine, also a vine, 

 drapes itself on trees and shrubs or creeps along the ground. 

 Its leaves have five leaflets growing from a common center. 

 Bittersweet (Fig. 108) is also a climbing vine with glistening, 

 green, lance- shaped leaves and a red fruit in autumn, looking like 

 a berry in the center of four yellowish bracts that roll back to 

 disclose it. Three species of grapes Vitis cordifolia (Fig. 109), 

 the frost grape, V. aestivalis (Fig. no), the summer grape, and 

 V.vulpinus (Fig. in), the river-bank grape are found in the 

 dunes the former on the cottonwood dunes, the latter in the 

 pine and still later associations. V. vulpinus is most likely 

 to be found on the margins of swales and swamps. The frost 

 grape has small, shiny, black berries; the summer grape, black 

 berries with a bloom; the river-bank grape, blue berries with a 

 bloom. 



