328 A NATURALIST IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION 



Trees Continued 



Muhlenbergii, cinquapin or chest- 

 nut oak, 132, 137, 139 



palustris, pin or swamp oak, 139 



rubra, red oak, 137, 138, 139 



velutina, black oak, 132, 137, 139, 



264 

 Salix: 



longifolia, 272 



lucida, shiny willow, 183 



nigra, 272 



Sassafras- variifolium, 131, 132 

 Thuja occidentalis^ arbor vitae, 124, 



126, 127 

 Tilia americana, linden or basswood, 



137, 138, 221, 274 

 Ulmus: 



americana, white elm, 138, 203, 205, 

 272 



fulva, red or slippery elm, 137, 203, 

 272 



Trillium, Trillium grandiflorum; T. re- 



curvatum 

 Turtle, see Reptilia 



Unglaciated region, 60 

 Upheaval of rock beds, 17, 1 8 



Valley: drowned, 18; formation, 4, 5, 



7, 8, 9- 



Valley trains, 20, 64, 66, 67, 87 

 Vines: 

 Celastrus scandens, bittersweet, 122, 



124, jjo, 131, 274 



Lonicera Sullivantii, honeysuckle, 274 

 Menispermum canadense, moonseed, 



273, 274 ^ 

 P seder a quinquefolia, woodbine, 124, 



130, 274 



Rhus Toxicodendron, poison ivy, 124, 



131, 132, 274 



Smilax hispida, 272. 273 



Vitis: 



aestivalis, summer grape, 130, 131 

 cordifolia, frost grape, jjo, 131 

 vulpinus, river-bank grape, 130, 

 131, 274 



Violet: 



Arrow-leaved, Viola lanceolata 



Birdfoot, V. pedata 



Canada, V. canadensis 



Dogtooth, Erythronium americanum 



Long-spurred, V. rostrata 



White, V. blanda 



Wood, V. palmata 



Virginia creeper, see Vines 



Volcanoes, 18 



Warren's Woods, 205 



Water as a factor in plant and anima' 



distribution, 95 



Water boatman, see Hemiptera 

 Water breathers, 101, 102 

 Water buttercup, Ranunculus aqua- 



tilis 



Waterleaf, Hydrophyllum mrginianum 



Water lUy: 



Yellow, Nymphaea ad-vena 



White, Castalia tuberosa 



Water mite, Limnochares aquations 



175 

 Water penny, Psphenus lecontei, 287. 



288 



Water scavenger, 187 



Water scorpion, see Hemiptera 



Water shield, Brasenia Schreberi 



W 7 ater sowbug, Asellus 



Water tiger, 186 



Wave action, 2, 3, 27 



W T aves, force of, 3 



Weathering, 27 



Weevil, sec Coleoptera 



White ants, 152 



Wild ginger, Asarum canadense 



Willow Springs, 13, 36, 64 



Wind, erosion agent, 13 



Wintergreen, see Checkerberry 



Wisconsin Glacial Period, 57, 63, 79 



Wormwood, Artemisia caudata 



Xerophyte, 96 

 Xerophytic adaptations, 98 



Zonation of life, 90 



PRINTED IN THE U.S.A. 



