96 THE NATURALIST IN NOEWAY. 



the sledge, the Lapp driver has but little control over 

 it ; it often becomes restive, stands suddenly still, and 

 kicks out behind. Then it will occasionally stop when 

 running at full speed, turn round, and coolly attack 

 its driver with its horns. In this predicament, the 

 Lapp turns the sledge completely over, and gets 

 underneath ; the reindeer then pokes away at the 

 sledge with its horns, but injures itself more than its 

 master. When the vicious brute has expended its 

 wrath in this manner, and ceases its attack on the 

 sledge, the Lapp quietly emerges, sets the sledge on 

 its keel again, seizes the reins once more, and con- 

 tinues his journey as if nothing unusual had happened. 

 If the reindeer is too quick in its attack, the Lapp has 

 to depend for safety on his thick fur coats, which can- 

 not be penetrated easily by the deer's horns, as, in 

 order to prevent accidents of the kind, they are filed 

 at their points. Like the wild reindeer, the tame spe- 

 cies has many enemies, and numbers fall victims to 

 the bear, the wolf, and the glutton. The tame rein- 

 deer is neither so bold nor so powerful an animal as 

 the wild, and when attacked by beasts of prey it makes 

 but little resistance. The tame reindeer feeds princi- 

 pally on various kinds of lichens, and is driven to the 

 fjelds in summer, to search for them. In winter, it 

 finds the same kind of food under the snow, when its 

 frontal horns are very useful in scraping away the 

 snow from the places where the lichens grow. When 

 out grazing on the fjelds, the reindeer are prevented 

 from wandering too far by men who are regularly em- 

 ployed to watch them, and who are assisted in their 

 labours by dogs. Some Lapps have as many as forty 

 dogs to keep the reindeer together, and to drive them 



