THE LAPLAND BUNTING. 135 



end of May on five eggs, which are white in colour, 

 marked towards the larger ends with brown and gray 

 spots. 



The Lapland bunting (E. Lapponica) is called the 

 Laplandsk-spurv , or Lapland sparrow, in Norway ; 

 its colours are black, brown, and white, and across the 

 nape of the neck, reaching round the breast, is a broad 

 mark of brilliant red -brown. It migrates in the au- 

 tumn, when it is said that it does not pass through 

 Norway, but from Norwegian into Swedish Lapland, 

 thence through Finland to the south of Russia. It 

 breeds in the fjelds of Finmark, where it nests by a 

 tuft of coarse grass, and on marshy ground; it lays 

 five eggs, which are of a washy-yellow colour, marked 

 with faint olive-brown spots. 



The reed bunting (E. schceniclus) is called in Norway 

 the sivspurv, or rush sparrow ; it breeds in the northern 

 fjelds on marshy ground, and in the vicinity of willow 

 and birch ; it nests among willows or bulrushes, and 

 lays from four to five eggs of a pale red-brown colour, 

 marked with purple-brown spots and streaks. The 

 male bird sits on the eggs in his turn, and Swedish 

 naturalists assert that the male always arrives in Scan- 

 dinavia a fortnight before the female. 



The common bunting (E. miliaria) is common in 

 the south of Norway, where it remains throughout the 

 winter ; varieties of this species have been seen in 

 Norway, white or white tinged with brown. 



The ortolan bunting (E. hortulana) is common in 

 the neighbourhood of Christiania from May to Sep- 

 tember, when it migrates. 



The yellow-hammer (E. citrinella) is common in all 

 parts of Norway, even in Norwegian Lapland. Does 



