THE NATURALIST 03 IKE RIVER AMAZCNS. 753 _ 



quent intervals a hoarse cry, like the sup- collector of birds and mammals, whom I em- 

 pressed barking of a dog, and scampering ployed, and who resided a long time among 

 about the room, to the length of its tether, | the Tucuna Indians, near Tabatiiiga, I calcu- 

 after cockroaches and spiders. In climbing lated that one horde of this tribe, 200 in num- 

 between the box and the wall, it straddled ber, destroyed 1,200 of these monkeys annu- 

 the space, resting its hands on the palms and ally for food. The spec'es is very numerous 

 tips of the outstretched fingers, with the in the forests of the higher lands, but, owing 

 knuckles bent at an acute angle, and thus to long persecution, it is now seldom seen in 

 mounted to the top with the greatest facility, the neighborhood of the larger villages. It 

 Although seeming to prefer insects, it ate is not found at all on the Lower Amazons. 

 jill kinds of fruit, but would not touch raw Its manners in captivity are grave, and its 

 or cooked meat, and was very seldom thirsty, temper mild and confiding, like that of the 

 I was told by persons who had kept these Coaitas. Owing to these traits, the Barrigudo 

 monkeys loose about the house, that they is much sought after for pets ; but it is not 

 cleared the chambers of bats as well as insect hardy, like the Coaitas, and seldom survives 

 vermin. When approached gently, my Ei-a a passage down the river to Para 

 allowed itself to be caressed ; but when Marmosets. It now only remains to notice 

 handled roughly, it always took alarm, biting the Marmosets, which form the second family 

 seveiely, striking out its little hands, and of American monkeys. Our old friend 

 making a hissing noise like a cat. As al- Midas ursulus of Para and the Lower Ama- 

 ready related, my pet was killed by a jealous zons is not found on the upper river, but in 

 Caiaiara monkey, which was kept in the its stead a closely allied species presents it- 

 house at the same time. self, which appears to be the Midas rufoniger 

 Barrigudo Monkeys. Ten other species of of Gervais, whose mouth is bordered with 

 monkeys were found, in addition to those longish white hairs. The habits of this spe- 

 already mentioned, in the forests of the Up- cies are the same as those of the M. ursulus, 

 per Amazons. All were stiicly arboreal and indeed it seems probable that it is a form or 

 diumal in their habits, and lived in flocks, race of the same stock, modified to suit the 

 travelling from tree to tree, the mothers with altered local conditions under which it lives, 

 their childien on their backs; leading, in One day, while walking along a forest path- 

 fact, a life similar to that of the Pararauate way, I saw one of these lively little fellows 

 Indians, and, like them, occasionally phm- miss his grasp as he was passing from ono 

 dering the plantations which lie near their tree to another along with his troop. He 

 line of march. Some of them were found fell head-foremost from a height of at least 

 also on tbe Lower Amazons, and have been fifty feet ,but managed cleverly to alight on 

 noticed in former chapters of this narrative, his legs in the pathway ; quickly turning 

 Of the remainder, the most remarkable is the round, lm gave me a good stare for a few 

 Macaco ban igudo, or big-bellied monkey of moments, and then bounded olf gayly t> 

 the Portuguese colonists, a sped 28 of Laffoth- climb another tree. At Tunantius 1 shot a 

 -ix. The genus is closely allied to the pair of very han r lsome species of marmoset, 

 Coaitas, or spider monkeys, having, like the M. rufiventer, I believe, of zoologists, 

 ihem, exceedingly strong and flexible tails, Its coat was very glossy and smooth, the 

 which are furnished underneath with a back deep brown, and the underside, of the 

 naked palm like a hand, for grasping. The body of rich black and reddish hues. A 

 Barrigudos, however, are very bulky ani- third species (found at Tabattngi, 200 miles 

 mals, while the spider monkeys are remark- further west) is of a deep black color, with 

 able for the slenderness of their bodies and the exception of a patch of white hair around 

 limbs. I obtained specimens of what have its mouth. The little animal at a short dis- 

 been considered two species, one (L. oliva- tance looks as though it held a ball of snow- 

 ceus of Spix?) having the head clothed with white cotton in its teeth. The last I shall 

 gray, the other (L. Humboldtii) with black mention is the Hapale pygmseus, one of the 

 fur. They both live together in the same most diminutive forms of the monkey order, 

 places, and are probably only differently col- three full-grown specimens of which, measur- 

 ored individuals of one and the same species ing only seven inches in length of body, I 

 I sent home a very large male of one of these obtained neatr St. Paulo. The pretty Lili- 

 kinds, which measured twenty -seven inches putian face is furnished with long brown 

 in length of trunk, the tail being twenty-six whiskers, which are naturally brushed back 

 inches Jong ; it was the largest rm ukey I over the ears. The general color of the ani- 

 saw in America, with the exception of a mal is brownish-tawny, but the tail is ele- 

 black Howler, whose body was twenty-eight gantly barred with black. I was surprised 

 .nches in height. The skin of the face in on my return to Eugland to learn, from 

 the Barrigudo is black and wrinkled, the specimens in the British Museum, that Uis 

 forehead is low, with the eyebrows project- pygmy marmoset was found also in Mexic >, 

 ing, and, in short, the features altogether re- no other Amazonian monkey being known U 

 semble in a striking manner those of an old wander far from the great river plain. Thus 

 negro. In the forests the Barrigudo is not a the smallest and apparently the feeblest spe- 

 very active animal; it lives exclusively on ciesofthewholeorderisonewliichhasby some 

 fruits, and is much persecuted by the In- ja^ius become the most widely dispersed, 

 dians on account of the excellence of its fleeb The Jupurd. A curious animal, known to 

 Ts food. From information ijiven me by ij. jaturalists as the Kinkalou f *U called Japui & 



