The Message of Science. 49 



Since rneta-metazoons, as of vertabrates, are physical 

 impossibilities, the advantages which come from union and 

 organization have to be secured in a different way, by 

 other methods of obtaining the necessary consentience. 



In hymenoptera (insect metazoons) the bees and ants 

 offer suggestive examples of social and economic unions. 

 In the swarm and apiary we find that differentiation of 

 function and division of labor have proceeded far, and 

 taken their place in heredity; and in the case of the 

 queen bee the social organization has operated to greatly 

 prolong her life. Swarm life also serves to afford general 

 protection from enemies, equalize the food supply, and 

 defend the union against the rigors of climate. 



In the termite ants we find not only all these advan- 

 tages gained from swarm organization, but others that come 

 from the war-like operations which organized union ren- 

 ders possible. 



In bird life, crows, pigeons, geese, penguins, and many 

 other species have attained advantages from rude organiza- 

 tion ; and in mammalian life there are many humble ex- 

 amples of flocking, herding and banding together for 

 mutual benefit, to gain protection from enemies and to 

 secure food. The wild horse, bison and caribou herd for 

 protection ; wolves pack to pull down larger animals for 

 food ; baboons, monkeys and savage humans band, tribe 

 and horde for protection, better food and companionship. 



The lower vertebrate orders and primitive man have 



